Waa maxay Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)?
Polyvinylpyrrolidone, oo loo soo gaabiyo PVP. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) waa iskudhis aan ionic ahayn oo ay soo saartay polymerization N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) xaalado gaar ah. Waxa loo istcimaalaa adjuvant, additive, and excipient dhinacyo badan sida daawo, dhar, kiimiko, cabitaan, iyo kiimiko maalinle ah. Marka loo eego shuruudaha badeecada, PVP waxaa loo qaybin karaa afar nooc: fasalka warshadaha, darajada qurxinta, heerka cuntada, iyo heerka dawooyinka. Homopolymers, copolymers, iyo alaabooyin taxane ah oo polymer ah oo isku-dhafan oo leh miisaanno unugyo qaraabo ah oo u dhexeeya kumanaan ilaa in ka badan hal milyan ayaa si weyn loo isticmaalay sababo la xiriira sifadooda ugu wanaagsan iyo kuwa gaarka ah.
PVP waxay u qaybsantaa afar heerar iyadoo lagu salaynayo celceliska miisaankeeda kelli, waxaana inta badan matala qiyamka K. Qiimayaasha K ee kala duwan waxay matalaan kala duwanaanta u dhiganta celceliska miisaanka kelli ee PVP. Qiimaha K dhab ahaantii waa qiime sifo ah oo la xidhiidha viscosity qaraabo ah ee xal aqueous PVP, iyo viscosity waa tiro jir ah oo la xidhiidha miisaanka kelli ee polymers. Sidaa darteed, qiimaha K waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu garto celceliska miisaanka kelli ee PVP. Caadiyan, marka uu bato qiimaha K, ayaa kor u kaca muuqiisa oo xoog badan. Noocyada wax soo saarka ee ugu muhiimsan iyo qeexitaannada PVP waxaa loo kala saari karaa heerarka viscosity ee K-15, K17, K25, K-30, K60, iyo K-90 oo ku saleysan miisaanka kelli.
WARSHADAHA UNILONG ayaa bixin kara kuwa soo socdaPVP-Kalaabooyin taxane ah:
NOOCA | PVP K12 | PVP K15 | PVP K17 | PVP K25 | PVP K30 | PVP K60 | PVP K90 | |
Muuqashada | budo cad | |||||||
K Qiimaha | 10.2-13.8 | 12.75-17.25 | 15.3-18.36 | 22.5-27.0 | 27-32.4 | 54-64.8 | 81-97.2 | |
NVP singel wasakh ( wasakh A) | (CP2005/USP26) % ugu badnaan | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
(USP31/EP6/BP2007) ppm max | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | |
Biyaha % ugu badnaan | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | |
Nuxurka % min | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 | |
pH (5% xal aqueous) | 3.0-5.0 | 3.0-5.0 | 3.0-5.0 | 3.0-5.0 | 3.0-5.0 | 4.0-7.0 | 4.0-7.0 | |
Sulfate dambas% max | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
Waxa ku jira Nitrojiin | 11.5-12.8 | 11.5-12.8 | 11.5-12.8 | 11.5-12.8 | 11.5-12.8 | 11.5-12.8 | 11.5-12.8 | |
2-P ka kooban % ugu badnaan | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | |
Aldehyde ppm max | 500 | 500 | 500 | 500 | 500 | 500 | 500 | |
Birta culus ee ppm max | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | |
Hydrazine ppm max | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Hydrogen peroxide ppm max | 400 | 400 | 400 | 400 | 400 | 400 | 400 |
PVP, Sida isku-dhafka polymer-ka-milmi-biyoodka-isku-dhafka ah, wuxuu leeyahay sifooyinka guud ee isku-dhafka polymer-ka ee biyaha-milmi kara, oo ay ku jiraan ilaalinta kolloid, samaynta filim-samaynta, isku-xidhka, nuugista qoyaanka, milanka ama xinjirowga. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, muuqaalkeeda ugu caansan ayaa ah milanka aadka u fiican iyo iswaafajinta jireed, taas oo soo jiidatay dareenka. Polymers-ka synthetic, PVP, oo ku milma biyaha iyo inta badan dareerayaasha organic, ayaa leh sunta hoose, iyo iswaafajinta jireed ee wanaagsan, oo aan si caadi ah loo arkin, gaar ahaan meelaha si dhow ula xiriira caafimaadka aadanaha sida daawada, cuntada, iyo qurxinta. Kuwa soo socdaa waa horudhac gaar ah oo ku saabsan aagagga codsiga:
Dhinaca alaabta maalinlaha ah ee la isku qurxiyo
Qurxinta maalinlaha ah, PVP iyo copolymer waxay leeyihiin kala firdhisanaan wanaagsan iyo hanti samaynta filim. PVP waxay ilaalin kartaa kolloidka kareemka, waxaana loo isticmaali karaa kareemyada dufanka iyo kuwa aan dufanka lahayn, sida dareeraha, buufinta timaha iyo wakiilka dejinta mousse, qaboojiyaha timaha, ilaalinta xumbo shaambada, wakiilka dejinta hirarka, iyo dheehiyaha timaha iyo wakiilka xidhiidhka. Ku darida PVP kareemka barafka, muraayada qorraxda, iyo wakiilada timaha ka saarida waxay kor u qaadi kartaa saamaynta qoynta iyo saliidaynta.
Goobta lagu dhaqo
PVP waxay leedahay sifooyin ka-hortagga wasakhda iyo soo celinta roobabka waxaana loo isticmaali karaa in lagu diyaariyo dareereyaal hufan ama saabuunta wasakhda culus leh. Ku darida PVP ee saabuunta waxay leedahay saameyn wanaagsan oo ka hortagga midabka waxayna kor u qaadi kartaa awoodda nadiifinta. Marka la dhaqayo dharka, waxay ka hortagi kartaa saabuunta synthetic inay ka xanaajiso maqaarka, gaar ahaan fiilooyinka synthetic. Waxqabadkani aad ayuu uga fiican yahay saabuunta karboksymethyl cellulose (CMC). PVP waxaa lagu dari karaa borax si ay u noqoto walax wax ku ool ah samaynta jeermiska jeermiska disha ee phenolic. Saabuunta ka kooban PVP iyo hydrogen peroxide waxay leedahay shaqooyinka biliijka iyo dilka bakteeriyada.
Daabacaadda dharka iyo dheehidda
PVP waxay leedahay xidhiidh wanaagsan oo leh midabyo badan oo organic ah waxayna ku dari kartaa fiilooyinka hydrophobic-ka ah sida polyacrylonitrile, esters, naylon, iyo walxo fibre ah si loo hagaajiyo awooda midabaynta iyo biyaha. Ka dib markii PVP iyo naylon-ku-tallaalidda koobiyeerka, dharka la soo saaray ayaa hagaajiyay caabbinta qoyaanka iyo iska caabbinta qoyaanka.
Dahaarka iyo midabada
Rinjiyeynta iyo dahaarka lagu dahaadhay PVP waa daah-furan iyaga oo aan saameyn ku yeelan midabkooda dabiiciga ah, hagaajinta dhalaalka iyo kala firdhisanaanta dahaarka iyo midabada, kor u qaadida xasiloonida kulaylka, iyo hagaajinta kala firdhisanaanta khadadka iyo khadadka.
Goobta caafimaadka
PVP waxay leedahay firfircooni jireed oo heer sare ah, kama qayb qaadato dheef-shiid kiimikaadka bini'aadamka, waxayna leedahay bioocompatibility aad u fiican, taas oo aan u keenin wax xanaaq ah maqaarka, xuubka xuubka, indhaha, iwm. Heerka caafimaadka waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sidii xire loogu talagalay kaniiniyada iyo granules, dareere co ah oo irbado, iyo gargaarka socodka kaabsal; Sun-saareyaasha, fidiyeyaasha, saliidaha iyo walxaha samaynta filimada ee dhibcaha indhaha, kala firdhiya qaabaynta dareeraha, xasiliyayaal enzymes iyo dawooyinka heerkulbeegga, iyo sidoo kale waxa loo isticmaali karaa ilaalinta heerkulka hooseeya. Loo isticmaalo muraayadaha indhaha si ay u kordhiyaan dheecaankooda iyo saliiddooda. Intaa waxaa dheer, PVP sidoo kale waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sida midabaynta iyo raajada kala duwanaanshaha; Waxaa loo isticmaali karaa noocyo kala duwan oo daawooyin ah sida kiniinno, granules, iyo biyo. Waxay leedahay sun-saarid, hemostasis, xoojinta kala dirida oo kordhay, ka hortagga ku dheggan peritoneal, iyo kor u qaadida heerka sedimentation erythrocyte. PVP K30 ayaa si rasmi ah loo bilaabay ogolaanshaha waaxda sharciyaynta dawooyinka qaranka.
Habaynta cuntada
PVP lafteedu ma aha kansar waxayna leedahay badbaado cunto oo wanaagsan. Waxay samayn kartaa dhismo leh xeryahooda polyphenolic gaar ah (sida tannins) waxaana inta badan loo isticmaalaa sidii wakiilka caddaynta iyo xasilinta habaynta cuntada, sida biirka, casiirka khudradda, iyo khamriga. PVP waxay samayn kartaa dhismo leh xeryahooda polyphenolic gaar ah (sida tannins), kuwaas oo door caddayn iyo xinjirowga lidka ku ah ka ciyaara cabitaannada casiirka khudradda. Codsiga PVP-ku-xiran ee biirka iyo cabbitaannada shaaha ayaa si gaar ah u baahsan. Walxaha polyphenolic ee biirka ku jira waxay ku xidhi karaan borotiinno biirka si ay u sameeyaan dhismooyin macromolecular tannin, taas oo si dhab ah u saameeya dhadhanka biirka oo soo gaabinaysa cimrigeeda shelf. Polyvinylpyrrolidone Crosslinked (PVPP) waxay ku jejebin kartaa tannic acid iyo anthocyanins ee biirka, taas oo caddaynaysa biirka, hagaajinta xasilloonida kaydinta, iyo kordhinaysa cimrigeeda shelf. Cabitaanka shaaha, isticmaalka PVPP wuxuu si habboon u dhimi karaa waxa ku jira polyphenols shaaha, PVPP kuma sii jirto cabitaannada shaaha, taasoo ka dhigaysa dib loo isticmaali karo oo si weyn u dhimaysa kharashyada.
Meelaha ugu muhiimsan ee laga codsado PVP waxay hadda ku urursan yihiin kiimikada maalinlaha ah iyo warshadaha dawooyinka, kobaca labadan warshadood waxay sii wadi doonaan inay xoojiyaan baahida ugu weyn ee isticmaalka PVP mustaqbalka. Goobta soo ifbaxa ee PVP, ee warshadaha baytariga lithium, PVP waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sida kala firdhiso batariyada lithium-ka iyo kaalmaynta qalabka wax-qabadka; Warshadaha sawir-qaadista, PVP waxaa loo isticmaali karaa kala firdhiso si loo soo saaro budo qalin ah oo tayo sare leh oo loogu talagalay koollada qalinka ah ee elektrode-ka togan, budo qalin u eg oo loogu talagalay koolada qalinka ah ee korantada taban, iyo qaybo lacag ah nano. Iyada oo kor u kaca joogtada ah ee heerka gelitaanka baytariga lithium iyo korodhka awoodda sawir-qaadista, labadan goobood ee soo baxaya ayaa si weyn u kicin doona baahida PVP.
Unilong waa alaab-qeybiye xirfad leh, iyoTaxanaha PVPayaa la horumariyay oo la soo saaray muddo toban sano ah. Isbeddellada suuqa, sahayda alaabta PVP ayaa gabaabsi ah. Hadda, waxaan ku darnay laba khad wax-soo-saar oo kale, oo leh sahay ku filan iyo qiime wanaagsan. Fadlan xor u noqo inaad wax weydiiso.
Waqtiga boostada: Dec-01-2023